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Quality control (aka quality inspection) is an operation used to determine, through appropriate means, whether a controlled product (or service, document, source code…) complies with a set of predetermined specifications and requirements. The resulting decision is acceptance, rejection or reworking. Measuring, examining, testing and gauging of a product or service according to certain standards and comparing the results with specified requirements to find out if conformity is reached.

Firewall is a demand by a supplier to place a redundant inspection process (over and above normal controls) to sort for defective material. This is done to isolate Customer from defective products. The data from the inspection is critical and must be used to drive process improvements. This activity will be in addition to Final Control and the “person performing the sort” is an impartial third party. This is needed in selective cases where the supplier’s personnel and/or process have proven to be incapable to isolate the problem. 

Quality control procedure performed before shipment of a lot to the customer. This is usually performed either in the supplier’s premises prior to shipping of the items, or at some point in the supply chain (warehouse, port area…).